Diver Hand Signals – Essential underwater communication
After submersion to communicate silently underwater, various hand signals are used – some standardized, others varying locally – that every diver must be familiar with to prevent potential hazards due to misunderstandings. There are surprisingly many hand signals, though not all need to be known. Here, I have summarized the most crucial hand signals.
![]() AscendEmerge or ascend, I will rise higher or move upward. A hand forms a fist with the thumb pointing up, and the hand is lifted to indicate the direction of ascent. |
![]() DescendDescend, or I will dive deeper. A fist is made with one hand, the thumb pointing downward, and the hand moves downward to emphasize the diving direction. |
![]() Okay – everything is fineThe “OK” symbol is represented by forming a circle with the thumb and the tip of the index finger. This hand gesture can be used both to inquire about someone’s well-being (“Everything alright?”) and to respond affirmatively (“Everything’s fine”). |
![]() Problem – Something is wrongWhen the hand moves horizontally with all fingers spread, it indicates that something is wrong with you or that you have a problem. |
![]() Pressure? What is your remaining tank pressure?Or: How much air do you have left? |
![]() StopThe open hand in front of the extended arm signifies “Halt” or “Stop!”. |
![]() BuddyStay close to your buddy, dive nearer to your buddy. This is often a reminder when you have strayed too far from your diving partner. Imagine that for some reason, you find yourself suddenly without air… so, ensure you remain near your buddy — but do so without crowding them. |
![]() Ascend to safety stop Indicates the prompt to ascend for the safety stop, typically a 3-minute pause at a depth of 5 meters. |
![]() Low on air – I’m about to run out of airMake a fist with one hand and bring it towards your chest. This motion can be repeated several times to emphasize urgency. |
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![]() BoatBoat or ship. |
![]() CrampThis signal involves opening and closing your fingers to indicate to your partner that you are experiencing a muscle cramp, which commonly occurs in the calf muscles. You might need their assistance to stretch the muscle and alleviate the cramps, or you may simply require some time… |
![]() Problem equalizing – ear pressureThe best way to indicate issues with pressure equalization is to start with the general signal for a problem and then point to your ear with your index finger. If you need some more time, communicate to your buddy that they should remain at the current depth (refer to the instructions below). |
![]() LevelingIndicates that you should maintain this altitude this level – also as a command: “Stay at this depth.” Do not go lower or higher. |